Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Background: The scoring systems are helpful to monitor the PICU performance. One of the most important scoring systems is PRISM-III scoring system. Today PRISM score is used to evaluate the quality and quantity of the performance. The goal of this study was to show the prognosis of the patients admitted to Mofid pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) according to PRISM-III and PIM scoring systems.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive one. Sampling method was sequentional and the sample size was 121 patients whom admitted to Mofid Hospital's PICU between Dec 2005 till May 2006. Results of PRISM-III scoring system were recorded in prepared sheets. Then, information transferred to computer for SPSS analysis. We used several statistical tests such as Chi square, t-test, Correlation and Regression, ANOVA, and Post-Hoc test.Results: Our study showed that 54% of patients were male and 46% were female and the most causes of admission to PICU were respiratory distress and central nervous system diseases, respectively. Sepsis was the main cause of death in PICU. The mortality rate was 33%. The mean PRISM-III score was 7.57 and this score had 80% of sensitivity and 75% of specificity to predict the mortality.Conclusion: According to ROC analysis the PRISM-III score has good predictive value in assessing the probability of mortality in Mofid's PICU and increase in PRISM-III score corresponds to the higher incidence of mortality.

Dear Editor, Pediatric mortality remains a public health priority world-wide, and is amongst factors that reflect the health of children in the population (1). In developing countries, more researches on the nature of the diseases will decrease the burden of preventable deaths. Also, limited health resources motivate health authorities to accomplish new preventive and therapeutic protocols to minimize mortality among pediatric patients (2). In spite of all efforts in promoting children’s health, there is not much information on pattern of childhood mortality in Sultanate of Oman.

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) is recognized internationally as the major threat to human health and, motorcycle collision victims form a high proportion of those killed or injured in RTA.This study was performed to evaluate the patterns of motorcyclist’s mortalities.Methods: All motorcyclists’ corpses that were presented to the legal medicine center of Mazandaran Province during January 2002 to January 2004 were enrolled and the patterns of motorcyclist’s mortalities were determined.Results: Of the 89 bodies, 93.3% were male and 84.2% were riders. About 60% sustained injuries from collision with a car. Two third of the deaths occurred in the first half of the year. Three fourth of the death occurred in heavy traffic volume time of a day (7 am to 10 pm) peaking at 9 pm (21%). Fifty seven percent died on the rural roads collisions and 47% on the urban road collisions. Head injury was the main cause of death (50.6%).Conclusion: Motorcyclist’s mortalities were prevalent in young motorcycle riders (males), collision with a car, first half of the year, heavy traffic volume time, riding on rural roads, and head injury was the main cause of death.

Background and Objective: Mortality rate and causes of death is one of the main components in health planning at each society. This study was done to show the pattern of mortality trends in Iran during 1970-2009.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study related data to 9740656 deaths registered in National Organization Civil Registration were surveyed and analyzed during 1970-2009. SPSS software and statistical descriptive methods were applied to evaluate the data.Results: 60.4% of all registered death was in rural areas. 61.1% were male. Crude death rate according the current statistics decreased from 13 per 1000 in 1970-75 to 5 per 1000 in 2005-09. Life expectancy with 28.6% increased from 55.2 years in 1970-75 to 71 years in 2005-09.Conclusion: This study showed that all mortality indicators in Iran were lower than other part of the world. There was a general decreasing in infant mortality rate in last three decade. Also the death registry system has been improved during study years.

Background & Aims: Different scoring systems are used in order to assess the functional quality of intensive care units (ICU) and to predict the required costs and facilities of intensive cares. Variety of scoring systems has been explained that each has advantages and disadvantages. In this study Simplified Acute Physiology Score-III (SAPS-III) and Mortality Probability Model-III (MPM-III) were compared. Materials & Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 non-traumatic patients admitted at ICU of Al-Zahra Hospital in 2016-17. Patients' information including demographics, mean of systolic, diastolic and arterial pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), WBC, hematocrit, bilirubin, creatinine, arterial blood gas, and the presence of underlying diseases was gathered from the records for measurement of MPM-III and SAPS-III scores and then they were compared. Results: This study was conducted on 240 non-traumatic patients. Discrimination of MPM-III in cutoff point of 0. 17 was 0. 83(P<0. 001; 95%CI: 0. 765-0. 898), sensitivity and specificity of this test in prediction of non-traumatic mortality was 82% and 73%, respectively. Discrimination of SAPS-III in cut-off of 48. 5 was 0. 78(P<0. 001; 95%CI: 0. 72-0. 84), while its sensitivity and specificity was 83% and 70%, respectively. Duration of ICU hospitalization (P=0. 028 and 0. 002) and duration of intubation (P=0. 001 and <0. 001) had direct association with mortality based on both scoring systems while total duration of hospitalization was only significant in SAPSIII (P=0. 002). Conclusion: Comparison of SAPS-III and MPM-III in non-traumatic patients presented a higher discrimination ability for MPM-III. In addition, findings showed that mortality in MPM-III was in association with duration of ICU admission and intubation while for SAPS-III, in addition to previous factors, total duration of hospitalization was associated as well.

Introduction: Although there are several studies dealing with early deaths due to mustard gas exposure, few studies have evaluated the delayed pattern of death in veterans suffering wartime exposure. This study was conducted to estimate the overall and cause-specific mortality rates and the proportion of each cause of death in deceased mustard-exposed veterans.Methods: A retrospective mortality study was carried out from 1986 to 2003 on all death certificates in the Janbazan Organization; demographic, war related and medical data were extracted from the subjects files. Causes of death, having been established by the death commission, were categorized as disease, trauma, suicide, homicide and gas exposure. Overall and cause - specific delayed mortality rates were associated with mustard.Results: Of 34,000 participants, 1,005 died within the period of the study. The overall mortality rate was 19.07 per 10,000 people each year. The most frequent cause of death was disease (72.2%), followed by trauma (16.1%), suicide (2.3%) and homicide (0.8%). In 2.8%, the cause of death was undetermined. 12.1% of all the deaths were due to mustard gas exposure. Conclusion: Exposure to mustard gas is not associated with high mortality in the late phase.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of generative learning teaching based to pattern cognitive Load on the memorization math of 7th grade students of in the academic year of 2021- 2022. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with four groups: two control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 7th grade male and female students of District 2 of Mashhad city that 112 person sample was selected by single stage cluster sampling method. The subjects in the experimental group involved in generative learning based to cognitive Load in 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any interventions. The research instrument consisted of a 20-questions researcher-made test. To analyze the obtained data, Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that generative learning teaching based to approach cognitive Load have a positive and significant effect on 7th grade students' memorization math. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that one of the effective training on math memorization students is the use of generative learning on the based load cognitive pattern.